Balancing Modern Development and Heritage Preservation in Tashkent: Insights from John Mark Clancy at ARCHICA 2024
The Challenge: Preserving Tashkent’s Identity Amidst Urban Growth
Tashkent faces mounting pressure to accommodate new offices, residential buildings, and infrastructure as it expands. John Mark Clancy, Founding Partner and Director at The Big Picture emphasised that modernisation must not come at the expense of the city’s historical architecture and green spaces. Just 15 years ago, Tashkent had 20-30% greenery, whereas that figure has now fallen to 10-18%. The ongoing trend leads to the replacement of natural landscapes with concrete and asphalt, which threatens Tashkent’s unique character.
Clancy discussed the impact of the 1966 earthquake, which drastically altered Tashkent’s architectural landscape. Unlike historical cities such as Samarkand and Khiva, Tashkent lost many of its older structures in the aftermath. Nevertheless, he argued that the architectural legacy from the past 50-60 years still deserves protection.
Urban Development Impacting Heritage
Clancy expressed concern about the alarming decline in preserved buildings in Tashkent. In the mid-1980s, the city had over 800 of notable residential and monumental structures. Today, however, the number of recognised monuments has significantly plummeted. This decline might be attributed to a lack of recognition of historical values, neglect, and inadequate maintenance. He urged that “we must raise awareness about the importance of these buildings before it is too late.”
The Environmental Impact of Construction
Construction activities pose significant environmental challenges, contributing approximately 40% of global CO2 emissions. Clancy stressed the need for sustainable practices in urban development. He advised shifting the focus from expanding Tashkent indefinitely to renovating existing buildings and utilising local materials to reduce the carbon footprint. This approach would support Uzbekistan’s economy and minimise the environmental impact of construction.
A Holistic Approach to Urban Planning
Clancy advocated for a holistic approach to urban planning that respects Tashkent’s cultural heritage while meeting the needs of its residents and businesses. He stated that Tashkent shouldn’t attempt to emulate cities like Dubai, which developed under very different circumstances. Instead, he suggested that the city should celebrate its unique history and traditions. He emphasised, “New developments must harmonise with Tashkent’s unique streetscape and cultural landmarks,” highlighting the importance of creating spaces that reflect Uzbekistan’s rich cultural identity rather than imitating Western or Middle Eastern architectural styles.
When discussing future developments, Clancy highlighted the necessity of thoughtful design. He articulated that any new project should convey the essence of Uzbekistan, a country steeped in history and rich traditions.
