Uzbekistan’s defense posture highlighted in new report, expert says focus remains internal

Uzbekistan’s military remains primarily focused on rapid-response and internal security, with priority on counterterrorism and stability along the Afghan border, according to defense analyst Michael Hilliard of the Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs.

In comments to The Times of Central Asia about a new Oxus Society report on Uzbekistan’s armed forces, Hilliard said the country’s doctrine has been shaped since Andijan 2005, driving investments in special operations, crowd control, and quick deployment units. Key rapid-response formations, including drone units and the 17th Air Assault Brigade, are concentrated in the Fergana Valley, while strong garrisons remain around Termez on the Afghan frontier.

Hilliard noted Kazakhstan now leads the region militarily due to its larger economy, though Uzbekistan often allocates a higher budget share to defense. He added that joint drills through the SCO bring limited gains, calling many events «pageantry exercises.»

Border incidents with Kyrgyzstan have eased after demarcation but still risk flare-ups on the ground. Karakalpakstan remains sensitive after 2022 unrest, with strengthened communications and rapid redeployment capacity.

Uzbekistan’s arsenal keeps it tied to Russian supply chains for upgrades and munitions, but Tashkent is diversifying on drones with partners in Turkiye, China and joint ventures, including Russian and Iranian collaborations for different use cases.

Hilliard said trust with Kazakhstan has improved, with cooperation potential in maintenance and logistics, though reluctance remains to depend too heavily on a regional peer. He also said clashes between the Taliban and Pakistan are unlikely to shift Tashkent’s focus from northern Afghanistan, while projects like TAPI face headwinds.

Overall, he assessed Uzbekistan as a stability-first actor, seeking interoperability where useful while prioritizing domestic readiness and border security.