China Unveils Sweeping Reforms to Tackle Population Decline
China has announced a major demographic policy overhaul aimed at boosting birth rates and supporting its rapidly ageing population.
The government’s new five-year plan seeks to build what officials describe as a «childbirth-friendly society,» introducing measures such as expanded childcare subsidies, free pregnancy-related healthcare and stronger social security support for families.
Authorities said the plan will ensure that pregnancy and fertility treatments, including IVF, are fully covered by national insurance, while families with children will receive additional housing support and improved access to childcare services. The government also plans to expand preschool education and maintain education spending above 4% of GDP.
The reforms come as China faces a fourth consecutive year of population decline, with birth rates falling to record lows and the number of older citizens rising quickly.
According to projections, the number of people aged over 60 could reach 400 mln by 2035, putting pressure on pension systems and reducing the size of the country’s workforce.
To address these challenges, Beijing is also expanding elderly care services and promoting what officials call the «silver economy»—industries focused on services for older citizens.
China’s population began shrinking in 2022, marking a significant turning point for the world’s second-largest economy as policymakers try to balance demographic pressures with long-term economic growth.
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